It has become a consensus for the world to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and cut carbon emissions as renewables become mainstream in recent years. Japan, which has been actively developing hydrogen, is turning its focus to ammonia as a critical fuel.
A carbon-free thermal power plant video clip showcased by Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry in the U.S. (Photo: metichannel YouTube)
What is ammonia energy?
Ammonia generates electricity by using the thermal and energy produced by burning ammonia to drive turbine.
The way ammonia generates energy is similar to that of traditional fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas, with the raw materials used as the main difference. As the chemical composition of ammonia does not contain carbon, burning ammonia does not produce carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide, meaning that ammonia power generation has the potential to address the carbon emission issues associated with coal and natural gas power plants.
But why did we hear so little about ammonia energy in the past if it’s carbon free?
In fact, the immaturity of ammonia technology is the major barrier now. It has yet to achieve 100% pure ammonia combustion, but only co-firing with coal or natural gas. Moreover, while ammonia combustion does not produce carbon dioxide, it generates nitrogen oxides, which is harmful to human health and the environment.
What are the advantages of ammonia as a strategic energy source?
Why does Japan, a nation highly relies on energy imports like Taiwan, starts developing ammonia energy?
Japan first identified ammonia as a fuel to address climate change and achieve net zero in the New International Resources Strategy formulated in 2020. Then it adds ammonia to the nation’s energy mix in the 6th Strategic Energy Plan published the following year. However, Japan doesn’t just consider ammonia as a fuel for energy generation only, but a strategic energy source to compensate hydrogen.
