According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), global warming must be limited to 1.5°C by 2030 to avoid climate disasters. One way to achieve this goal is adopting Negative Emissions Technologies (NETs), which can reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by removing more carbon dioxide than is emitted by humans to offset unavoidable carbon emissions from everyday life and business activities. There are three approaches to this technology:
- Natural carbon sink: Refers to areas in the natural environment that can absorb and store carbon dioxide, including forests, oceans, soils, etc. The development of forest carbon sequestration is relatively mature and has well-established measurement methodologies, while soil carbon sequestration is the least developed due to insufficient methodologies and related research.
- Artificial carbon sink: Refers to products or specific materials that can be used to store carbon dioxide. For example, wood used as a building material.