Industrial Carbon Emissions

Since synthetic nitrogen fertilizers were introduced in the early 20th century, crop yields have surged — at the cost of higher emissions. Today, fertilizer production and use account for about 2% of global greenhouse gas emissions.

Carbon emissions from energy production are a major source across all industries globally, and they also affect indirect emissions in downstream sectors such as steel, chemicals, cement, and data centers.

Global hydrogen demand reached nearly 100 million tonnes (Mt) in 2024, with almost all demand coming from traditional industries. Among production methods, “brown hydrogen” and “gray hydrogen” rely heavily on coal and natural gas, resulting in substantial

The steel industry produces about 3 billion tonnes of CO2 per year, accounting for 9% of the world's total.

Carbon dioxide emissions from the chemical process of producing cement and concrete in the cement industry account for 7％ to 8% of global emissions.

Carbon emissions from aluminum production account for about 0.8% of global greenhouse gas emissions. There are two major types of greenhouse gases emitted during the aluminum smelting process, namely carbon dioxide (CO2) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs).

Before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) projected that by 2050, carbon emissions from international aviation could double what they were in 2015.