Wendy Lo

Thailand's auto parts makers face a two-year window before CBAM could cover wheels and gearboxes by 2028. Maxion's Thailand plant reaches 25% renewables vs 40–55% at its India facilities.

Thailand is ASEAN's largest PCB base with THB 200B in investment since 2022, but renewables cover only 3% of power use. DPPA access is limited to data centers, leaving PCB makers reliant on rooftop solar and I-RECs.

Thailand's new PDP targets 60% clean electricity by 2050—50% renewables plus 10% SMR. But manufacturers say data centers get priority under the current Utility Green Tariff while established industry waits.

60% of ASEAN oil imports come from the Middle East. Indonesia spends USD 2–3B annually on biodiesel subsidies while Malaysia's Solar ATAP replaces NEM—but conflicting carbon tax and gas subsidy signals remain.

Aurora Energy Research projects Singapore's Indonesian solar imports will cost SGD 240–340/MWh vs SGD 170 in wholesale revenue. REC prices peak near SGD 60 in 2026, then fall below SGD 20 by 2031.

A MYR 700M pipeline of 20+ bio-CNG plants will convert Malaysia's palm oil mill effluent into renewable gas, avoiding 384,000 tonnes CO₂e annually under the first Malaysia-South Korea Article 6.2 deal.

COP31's 35x35 target aims to raise electricity's share of final energy to 35% by 2035. ASEAN electricity demand grew 60% in a decade and needs USD 20B+ annually in grid investment to keep pace.

The near-term battery recycling opportunity in Thailand isn't retired EVs—it's manufacturing waste. Sun-up Recycling recovers NMP solvents at 99.993% purity from EV factories in the Eastern Economic Corridor.